How to turn KMZ into KML (and back) online or by hand in a minute: KMZ is a ZIP with KML inside. Plus — a converter for OSM data to KML/KMZ and downloading an area straight in the right format.
Got a .rvt file and nothing opens it? RVT is Autodesk Revit's closed format — you need Revit or the free Revit Viewer. And get the city site context for BIM in IFC, DWG or DXF — Revit links them.
A map screenshot in Photoshop isn't editable — roads, water and buildings are flattened into one raster. The fix: download the map straight to PSD, where each object type sits on its own layer.
Got an .mbtiles file and not sure how to open it? On desktop — QGIS, on Android — OsmAnd, Locus Map, OruxMaps. And if you need an area map — download it straight to MBTiles, no third-party files.
Got .mif/.mid or .gml files and not sure how to open them? QGIS and GDAL read them for free. And if the format is inconvenient — download the area straight to MapInfo MIF/MID, GML or GeoPackage.
Got a .kmz file and not sure how to open it? Google Earth, QGIS or rename it to .zip. And if the KMZ doesn't fit — download the area straight in KMZ, KML or GeoJSON, no wrangling with someone else's file.
What GLB is, how to open it on Windows, online and in Blender, and how to download a 3D city buildings model straight to GLB, OBJ or STL — with real heights from OpenStreetMap.
What a GPX file is, how to open it on a computer, in a navigator and in QGIS, and how to build your own route. Plus — how to download any area straight to GPX for a navigator or tracker.
WKB and WKT: binary and text geometry formats. PostGIS, Shapely, GEOS. When to use which, conversion, performance, and examples.
Deep guide to XYZ tile schema: Slippy Map origin from Google Maps and OSM, Web Mercator pyramid, difference from TMS (Y-inversion), tile coordinate math, and how to use an osm2cdr.ru tile output in Leaflet and MapLibre.
WMTS (Web Map Tile Service) is a 2010 OGC standard for pre-rendered raster tile pyramids; the backbone of EU INSPIRE infrastructure and government geo-portals USGS, IGN, BKG, OS, GSI.
WKB (Well-Known Binary) is the OGC Simple Features Access binary standard (1999) for vector geometry serialization: the foundation of PostGIS, MySQL Spatial, SQL Server, SpatiaLite, GeoPackage, ParquetGeo, FlatGeobuf — the invisible infrastructure layer of all GIS databases.