Deep guide to KML: what's inside the Keyhole/Google XML format, OGC standardization history, which programs open it, pros and cons. How to get KML from any OpenStreetMap area for Google Earth in 30 seconds.
JPEG 2000 (ISO/IEC 15444): wavelet compression with lossless and lossy modes, multi-resolution decode, 16-bit channels. Used in DICOM, DCP, Sentinel-2 and archives.
IFC is the ISO 16739 BIM standard from buildingSMART for exchanging 3D building and infrastructure models: IFC4.3 (2023) adds roads, bridges, ports; works in Revit, ArchiCAD, Tekla.
JPEG XL (ISO/IEC 18181, 2022): royalty-free successor to JPEG with lossless transcoding, HDR and progressive rendering. Why it matters for OSM maps.
Uber's H3 (2018, Apache 2.0): 16 levels of hexagonal grid, 64-bit cell IDs, parent/child hierarchy. Surge pricing, mobility analytics, OSM POI aggregation into H3.
HDF5 from NCSA/HDF Group 1998: chunked binary, parallel I/O, climate + physics + geo, OSM analytics export to .h5.
Deep guide to GPX (GPS Exchange Format): what's inside the TopoGrafix XML format, standard history since 2002, which navigators and apps support it, pros and cons. How to get a GPX route from OpenStreetMap for Garmin, Strava, Komoot, and OsmAnd in 30 seconds.
GeoPackage Tiles — official OGC extension for storing raster and vector tiles in a single SQLite file. Architecture, MBTiles differences, GDAL conversion workflow.
GML is the OGC and ISO 19136 XML standard for geodata: backbone of INSPIRE, CityGML, AIXM; v3.2.1 (2007) is most common; supported by QGIS, ArcGIS, FME, GeoServer.
Khronos Group's glTF 2.0 since June 2017: JSON + .bin + PBR materials, Draco compression, GLB binary container, OSM building export with extrusion for three.js and Cesium.
GLB as binary form of glTF 2.0 by Khronos: chunked layout, PBR materials, web 3D viewers, OSM building single-file .glb export.
GeoParquet deep dive: Apache Parquet + OGC geo extension, the 1.1 release (Sept 2024), bbox covering, querying via DuckDB Spatial, Athena, BigQuery, and the OSM export pipeline.