NetCDF from Unidata/UCAR 1989: NetCDF-3 vs NetCDF-4 on HDF5, CF-Conventions, CMIP6+ERA5+MODIS, OSM analytics export.
MIF/MID from MapInfo Corp 1990: ASCII 2-file pair, REGION/PLINE/ARC geometry, GDAL MITAB, legacy GIS archives.
MVT (Mapbox Vector Tile) since 2014: open spec for protobuf-encoded binary vector tiles. Tippecanoe, PMTiles, MBTiles and rendering via MapLibre.
MBTiles is a Mapbox SQLite tile container for vector and raster tiles: the offline-map standard for OSMAnd, Maps.me, Locus, MapTiler since 2011.
Maps.me and Organic Maps MWM container: binary vector format for Android/iOS, 2022 fork after Daegu acquisition, OSM-to-MWM build via generate_mwm pipeline.
Locus Map by Asamm Software: SQLite-based `.sqlitedb` tile container, mapsforge themes, POI databases. OSM offline maps for hiking on Android.
LAS — the ASPRS industry standard for LiDAR point clouds (1.0–1.4). LAZ provides lossless compression. PDAL, lastools, ground/building/vegetation classification.
Lanelet2 is an HD map format from KIT and Autoware based on OSM XML: lane-level topology, 3D geometry, traffic rules; used in Apollo, Autoware, NVIDIA DriveSim, BSD license.
LandXML from Autodesk+Bentley+Trimble consortium 1999: Alignment/Surface/Parcel XML, AutoCAD Civil 3D, OSM road export.
KOMPAS-3D and KOMPAS-Graph by ASCON: ESKD standards, .frw/.m3d/.a3d, SolidWorks/AutoCAD substitution, OSM pipeline.
Deep guide to KMZ: ZIP wrapper over KML with embedded images and models, OGC standard, usage in Google Earth and mobile navigators.
Deep guide to JPEG (JPG): what's inside ISO/IEC 10918-1, the JPEG Committee's history since 1986, which programs open it, pros and cons. How to get a compact JPG map from any OpenStreetMap area in 30 seconds.