STL (3D Printing)
Open Beta将城市建筑导出为 STL 格式，用于三维打印。建筑会根据 OSM 标签中的高度数据被拉伸成三维。采用二进制 STL，文件紧凑，可直接导入切片软件。
主要特点
关于 STL 格式
STL is the veteran format of 3D printing: the model is described by triangles alone, with no color, materials or layers. That is exactly why every slicer and every printer understands it, from a home machine to an industrial one.
A map is exported to STL when the city has to be held in your hands: a model of a block, a gift with your home district, a teaching aid, a stand, a blank for an architectural presentation.
What is in the file: buildings only. Each one is extruded to its own height (the height tag, otherwise the number of floors, otherwise 9 meters — about three storeys), and pitched roofs are reconstructed from OSM tags: gabled, hipped, pyramidal, mono-pitched. Where there are no tags, the shape is chosen by the type and the size of the house. Under the model lies a solid base plate so the model stands level and prints without supports under every house.
The scale is natural, in meters: before printing, shrink the model in the slicer down to the size of your bed. The terrain itself is not part of this file — the houses stand on a plane; print the relief separately: the 3D Terrain format (terrain-mesh) delivers the Copernicus GLO-30 surface as the same kind of STL, and Elevation Model (dem-geotiff) gives the raw heights — both are linked below among the related formats. The file is binary, which is several times more compact than the text variant.
打开 STL 文件的程序
以下程序可以打开、编辑和处理从 OSM2CDR 导出的 STL (3D Printing)（.stl）文件：
格式规格
- 开放标准
- 支持 3D 坐标
- 无损（无质量损失）
- 无属性
- 输出：1 个文件
- Binary STL. Buildings extruded to 2.5D height. Units: meters (scale 1:1). Opens in Blender, Meshmixer, Cura, PrusaSlicer for 3D printing.
谁在使用 STL 地图
如何导出 STL
导出后如何打开
- PrusaSlicer or Cura (free) — open the file, fit it to the bed by scaling and slice; supports are usually not needed, the model already stands on a plate.
- Blender or MeshLab — look at the model, cut off what you don't need, merge it with other objects before printing.
- Mesh checking — run the model through the check in your slicer or in Meshmixer: OSM data contains buildings overlapping each other, which produces self-intersections.
- Printing through a service — upload the file to a printing platform, where you will also see the price and get help choosing the material.
- Printing a whole city is not worth it: the file grows and the houses become indistinguishable — take a block, the center or a recognizable fragment.
STL 格式的热门地图
常见问题
与其他格式比较
相关格式
经常一起导出
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