TopoJSON (Topology-Aware JSON)
Open BetaTopoJSON este o extensie a GeoJSON care ține cont de topologie. Folosește codificarea cu arce partajate (granițele dintre poligoane sunt stocate o singură dată) și cuantizarea întreagă a coordonatelor — fișierul rezultat este cu 60-80% mai mic decât un GeoJSON echivalent. Format standard de intrare pentru D3.js, Mapshaper și Observable; ideal pentru hărți coroplete interactive și atlase web.
Caracteristici principale
Despre formatul TopoJSON
TopoJSON was invented by Mike Bostock, the author of D3.js, to solve a simple problem: in GeoJSON neighboring polygons store their shared border twice. TopoJSON moves all the lines into a common array of arcs that the objects then refer to. On top of that, coordinates are rounded to an integer grid and written as increments — the file gets sharply lighter.
The format is taken for web graphics and analytics: choropleths in D3, interactive atlases, boundary maps in Observable, lightweight layers for offline applications. The second motive is simplification: during generalization the shared borders move together, and no gaps appear between neighboring districts.
The output is a single document: every layer becomes a separate object inside it — roads, buildings, water and so on — and object attributes are preserved. Coordinates are in WGS84, up to 100,000 objects per layer. The topology is built by our own code, with no external dependencies.
The price of compactness is the rounding of coordinates. The grid step depends on the size of the area: for a district it is on the order of a meter, for a country hundreds of meters. For a web map that is invisible; for precise measurements take GeoJSON or GeoPackage.
Ce program deschide fișierele TopoJSON
Următoarele programe și aplicații pot deschide, edita și prelucra fișiere TopoJSON (Topology-Aware JSON) (.topojson) exportate din OSM2CDR:
Format specifications
- Open standard
- 2D only
- Lossless (no quality loss)
- Stores feature attributes
- Output: 1 file
- TopoJSON (open spec). Topologically encoded GeoJSON: shared borders stored once, file size 30-80% smaller. Used by D3.js.
Cine folosește hărțile TopoJSON
Cum se exportă TopoJSON
Cum se deschide fișierul după export
- D3.js — include topojson-client and unpack the layer you need: topojson.feature(topology, topology.objects.buildings), then the usual d3.geoPath.
- Mapshaper — drag the file onto mapshaper.org: objects and attributes are visible, and simplification and export to SHP or GeoJSON are right there.
- QGIS — opens .topojson as an ordinary vector layer through GDAL; handy for checking the geometry with your own eyes.
- Converting to GeoJSON — topo2geo buildings=buildings.geojson < map.topojson from the topojson-client package, or ogr2ogr.
- Leaflet and MapLibre — they do not understand the format directly: unpack it into GeoJSON on the client with the topojson-client library and feed it on as usual.
Hărți populare în TopoJSON
Obține exporturi de hărți TopoJSON (Topology-Aware JSON)
Descarcă hărți TopoJSON profesionale din OpenStreetMap. Generare instantanee, orice zonă.