KML 是 Google Earth 的格式,用于在虚拟地球上可视化地理数据。适用于演示、教学项目和客户沟通。
主要特点

关于 KML 格式
KML is a language for describing geographic data, invented for Google Earth and later adopted as an OGC standard. The file is text: inside are placemarks, lines, outlines, their styles and labels. It opens with a double click in Google Earth and attaches in Google My Maps, QGIS and ArcGIS.
OpenStreetMap maps are exported to KML when the result has to be shown to another person: a client, colleagues, students. The features land on the globe, a click shows their properties, and the file itself can be sent by email — the recipient needs no GIS, Google Earth is enough.
In the file all the layers are laid out in folders named after the layers, each feature keeps its OSM tags in the ExtendedData block, and lines and fills get a color and a width. Coordinates are WGS84, as the specification requires. Roads, water and greenery lie on the ground surface, while buildings are extruded into volume: height is taken from the height tag, or computed from the floor count in building:levels at 3.5 meters per floor, and if neither is present the house gets six meters.
In Google Earth such an export looks like a three-dimensional city right away. If you do not need the volume, switch the buildings layer off in the tree on the left. For sending by email KMZ is handier — the same document in compressed form.
打开 KML 文件的程序
以下程序可以打开、编辑和处理从 OSM2CDR 导出的 KML (Keyhole Markup Language)(.kml)文件:
格式规格
- 开放标准
- 支持 3D 坐标
- 无损(无质量损失)
- 存储要素属性
- 输出:1 个文件
- KML 2.2 (OGC). Direct import in Google Earth, Google Maps, ArcGIS, QGIS. Altitude mode: clampToGround.
谁在使用 KML 地图
如何导出 KML
导出后如何打开
- Google Earth Pro (free) — File → Open, pick the .kml; on the left the layers will show as folders that can be switched on and off.
- Google My Maps — create a map, choose Import and upload the file: you get a web map with a link to share.
- QGIS (free) — Layer → Add Vector Layer; KML is read by the driver that ships with GDAL, and from there the data converts to a shapefile or GeoPackage.
- ArcGIS Pro — the KML To Layer tool turns the file into a geodata layer.
- Checking the volume — tilt the view in Google Earth: the buildings will appear as solid boxes above the surface.
KML 格式的热门地图
常见问题
与其他格式比较
相关格式
经常一起导出
Related Articles
OSM maps for Navitel: how it actually works
OSM maps for Navitel: why OpenStreetMap data cannot be dropped into the app directly, where map files go (the NavitelCon
tutorialKML and KMZ to DWG: Moving a Google Earth File into AutoCAD
How to convert KML or KMZ into DWG and DXF without losing coordinates: unpacking KMZ, reprojecting to metres in QGIS or
formatKMZ to KML and back: converting online and by hand
How to turn KMZ into KML (and back) online or by hand in a minute: KMZ is a ZIP with KML inside. Plus — a converter for