Esri File Geodatabase
Open BetaFileGDB 是 Esri 用于存储复杂地理数据的格式。支持多图层、拓扑、域和子类型。是企业级 GIS 中的事实标准。
主要特点
关于 FileGDB 格式
File Geodatabase is the native storage of ArcGIS. It is not a single file but a .gdb folder holding tables, indexes and service records. Esri made it the replacement for the shapefile, and in corporate GIS it has remained the main unit of storage: long field names, many layers side by side, domains and subtypes, and no two-gigabyte limit per table.
Export to FileGDB is chosen when the data goes to an organization running on ArcGIS Pro: a municipality, a design institute, a utility company. There a geodatabase is the familiar exchange unit, and sending one is usually faster than explaining how to open a GeoJSON.
Each map layer becomes a separate feature class inside a single geodatabase, with OpenStreetMap attributes and a spatial index. Coordinates are WGS84 (EPSG:4326). Since a .gdb is a folder, it is downloaded as a ZIP archive: unpack it and you will find a directory with the .gdb extension inside.
Writing is done by the open GDAL OpenFileGDB driver, so no Esri libraries are needed for the export. Domains, subtypes and topology are not carried over — those add-ons simply do not exist in OpenStreetMap data.
打开 FileGDB 文件的程序
以下程序可以打开、编辑和处理从 OSM2CDR 导出的 Esri File Geodatabase（.gdb.zip）文件：
格式规格
- 专有格式
- 支持 3D 坐标
- 无损（无质量损失）
- 存储要素属性
- 输出：归档中 8 个文件
- ZIP archive containing an Esri File Geodatabase (.gdb folder, multiple .gdbtable / .gdbindex files). Native ArcGIS Pro format.
谁在使用 FileGDB 地图
如何导出 FileGDB
导出后如何打开
- Unpack the archive first — ArcGIS and QGIS work with the .gdb folder, not with a ZIP file.
- ArcGIS Pro — in Catalog press Add Database or Connect, point it at the .gdb folder, then drag the feature classes you need onto the map.
- QGIS (free) — Layer → Add Vector Layer, source type "Directory", driver OpenFileGDB, point it at the .gdb folder; the layers will appear as a list.
- ogr2ogr — ogr2ogr -f GPKG out.gpkg map.gdb converts the geodatabase into GeoPackage, PostGIS or Shapefile in one command; ogrinfo will show the list of feature classes.
- FME, Global Mapper, MapInfo — read FileGDB with their standard readers; send the client the whole archive, not individual files from the folder.